Nick Timiraos, Wall Street Journal
Are Americans ready to give up government guaranteed loans?
More than half of all mortgages in the U.S. are guaranteed in some way by the U.S. government. Those guarantees have helped lower borrowing costs for homeowners, and they’ve allowed more Americans to access long-term, fixed-rate loans.
Those loans have been embraced by consumers because they provide stability of payment, but they were also devised in the wake of the Great Depression to create a forced-savings mechanism that helped homeowners build equity.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac play a key role in making the 30-year, fixed-rate loan available by purchasing loans from banks, which don’t want to keep loans on their books for 30 years. Fannie and Freddie then sell those loans to investors as mortgage-backed bonds, providing guarantees against losses when loans default.
Without the government guarantee, investors would likely charge a higher rate for such loans, and they’d require tougher lending standards. That would limit the number of borrowers who might be able to access long-term, fixed-rate loans. Many might instead opt for loans with shorter terms or with adjustable rates.
Of course, those guarantees have been very expensive. The government’s support of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will end up costing taxpayers tens, or even hundreds, of billions of dollars. The companies were thinly capitalized, and when mortgage defaults rose, the firms had to be rescued by the government.
Today’s WSJ notes that the dilemma facing policymakers is this: how do you protect taxpayers, and get the government out of the mortgage market, without destabilizing the fragile housing sector. If Fannie and Freddie are eliminated, “the problem is, what do you replace them with?” says Andy Laperriere, a senior managing director at ISI Group Inc.
Read more here: http://blogs.wsj.com/developments/2010/11/05/abolishing-fannie-easier-said-than-done/
